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Published by Indiana University Press

Martin Heidegger’s The Event offers his most substantial self-critique of his Contributions

to Philosophy: Of the Event and articulates what he means by the event itself.

Richard Rojcewicz’s elegant translation offers the English-speaking reader intimate contact

with one of the most basic Heideggerian concepts.

This book lays out how the event is to be understood and ties it closely to looking,

showing, self-manifestation,

Rkj Jvjnt

Xtub`js `n Hlnt`njnteo Rkludkt

Robert Bernasconi	William L. McBride
Rudolf Bernet	J. N. Mohanty
John D. Caputo	Mary Rawlinson
David Carr	Tom Rockmore
Edward S. Casey	Calvin O. Schrag
Hubert L. Dreyfus	†Reiner Schürmann
Don Ihde	Charles E. Scott
David Farrell Krell	Thomas Sheehan
Lenore Langsdorf	Robert Sokolowski
Alphonso Lingis	Bruce W. Wilshire
David Wood

Aert`n Kj`bjddjr

Sob Bvbnt

Rrensoetjb fy

Teaogrc Tfiabweaz

Rk`s fllm `s e pufo`het`ln lg

@nb`ene Zn`vjrs`ty Srjss

735 Nlrtk Alrtln Xtrjjt

Folla`ndtln, @nb`ene 24232-8404 ZXE

`uprjss.`nb`ene.jbu

Plflpdael ar`lrs ;33-;26-7407

Nmx ar`lrs ;56-;::-4085

Sufo`skjb `n Djraen es Aert`n Kj`bjddjr, Jlsmitmusjmhl 459 @ms Lrlojeos.

Jb`tjb fy Gr`jbr`hk-T`okjoa v. Kjrraenn

Jndo`sk trensoet`ln © 6358 fy

@nb`ene Zn`vjrs`ty Srjss

Eoo r`dkts rjsjrvjb

Nl pert lg tk`s fllm aey fj rjprlbuhjb lr ut`o`zjb `n eny glra lr fy eny ajens, jojhtrln`h lr ajhken`heo, `nhoub`nd pkltlhlpy`nd enb rjhlrb`nd, lr fy eny `nglraet`ln stlredj enb rjtr`jveo systja, w`tklut pjra`ss`ln `n wr`t`nd grla tkj pufo`skjr. Rkj Esslh`et`ln lg Eajr`hen Zn`vjrs`ty Srjssjs‐ Vjslout`ln ln Sjra`ss`lns hlnst`tutjs tkj lnoy jxhjpt`ln tl tk`s prlk`f`t`ln.

Rkj pepjr usjb `n tk`s pufo`het`ln ajjts tkj a`n`aua rjqu`rjajnts lg tkj

Eajr`hen Net`lneo Xtenberb glr @nglraet`ln Xh`jnhjs‒Sjraenjnhj lg Sepjr glr

Sr`ntjb O`frery Aetjr`eos, ENX@ Y80.2;-5006.

Aenugehturjb `n tkj Zn`tjb Xtetjs lg Eajr`he

O`frery lg Hlndrjss Heteold`nd-`n-Sufo`het`ln Bete

Kj`bjddjr, Aert`n, 5;;0‘5047.

]Jrj`dn`s. Jndo`skQ

Rkj jvjnt / Aert`n Kj`bjddjr = trensoetjb fy V`hkerb Vlihjw`hz.

pedjs ha. ‒ (Xtub`js `n hlnt`njnteo tkludkt)

Rrensoetjb grla Djraen.

@XFN 04;-3-6:8-337;7-; (holtk 9 eom. pepjr) ‒ @XFN 04;-3-6:8-33707-4 (jojhtrln`h fllm) 5. Jvjnts (Sk`olslpky) 6. Lntloldy. @. Vlihjw`hz, V`hkerb,

trensoetlr. @@. R`toj.

F8640.K2;J4258 6358

555‒bh68

6356360530

5 6 8 2 : 5; 54 57 5: 52 58

HLNRJNRX

Rrensoetlr‐s @ntrlbuht`ln

GLVJTLVBX

Xlpklhojs, Al`opus mt Bafaeus, vv. 48‘42.

Rk`s ‟prjsjntet`ln‑ bljs nlt bjshr`fj enb rjplrt

Rkj bjst`ny lg fjynd bjvlovjs upln tkj tk`nmjrs

Rkj b`spjnset`ln lg fjynd `n tkj jvjnt tlwerb tkj fjd`nn`nd

Nlt lnoy tkrludklut eoo tkj wlrob

@n rjderb tl Baetrohutoaes ta [dofasapdy (An tdl Lvlet)

@. RKJ G@VXR FJD@NN@ND

G. Sob herst dbmennenm

GΐOΟBEG

5. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

6. Ἀνήλκΰε‒ἰβέε

8. Jrrenhy

2. Ἀνήλκΰε (Soetl)

:. ἕα lut lg μὐψάε

7. Rrutk enb fj`nd glr tkj Drjjms (Xe`b enb unse`b)

4. ἀ-νήλκΰε

;. Ἀνήλκΰε enb ‟spehj enb t`aj‑

0. Ἀνήλκΰε enb tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd (χρψΰφ)

53. ἀ-νήλκΰε

55. @n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

56. Rrutk enb tkj truj

58. Znhlnhjeojbnjss

52. χρψΰφ‒ἀνήλκΰε‒fjynd

5:. Ἀ-νήλκΰε enb tkj lpjn

57. Rrutk enb fjynd

54. EΝKΛJ@E

5;. ‟Rrutk‑ enb fjynd

50. Ln tkj qujst`ln lg trutk

63. Rkj alajnt lg hlnslo`bet`ln

65. ἀνήλκΰε‒ἰβέε

66. Rrutk enb fj`nd

68. ἀθελøα

62. Klw ἀνήλκΰε

6:. Rl sey s`apoy

67. Klw ἀνήλκΰε

64. ςεὐςøα

6;. ςεὐςøα

60. Klw αμ

φ‒νøθμφ‒ϋϊτή

83. Klw tl hlaj tl stjebgestnjss nlw glr tkj g`rst t`aj

85. Lnj hennlt

86. Rkj drlunb lg tkj trensglraet`ln lg tkj jssjnhj lg trutk

88. χρψΰφ‒ἀνήλκΰε

82. χρψΰφ‒tkj jajrdjnhj tket dljs fehm `ntl `tsjog

8:. Ἀνήλκΰε → ὁομάπψΰφ

87. Fjynd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

84. Rkj fjynds lg fjynd

8;. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

80. Rkj jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj b`sjntendojajnt `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

23. ςö ἕα‒ςö ςεὐςøα‒ἀνήλκΰε

25. Rkj jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

26. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

28. Glr tkj `ntjrprjtet`ln

22. Fjynd `s

D. Γñξη

2:. Grla ἀνήλκΰε‒χύψΰφ tl tkj ἰβέε lvjr βøξε

27. βøξε‒dojea, sk`nj, reb`enhj

24. ςὰ βμιμ

αςε

2;. Rkj prlvjnenhj lg βøξε

20. ἀνήλκΰε‒βøξε

:3. Serajn`bjs

:5. βøξε

:6. βøξε enb ςὰ βμιμ

αςε

:8. θάακψλεΰ‒ὄννϊψλεΰ

A. Gngxelgncbr

:2. @g tkj ἄσκΰυμα lg Enex`aenbjr wjrj ἀνήλκΰε<

::. Rkj trens`t`ln

:7. ςö σέυεφ‒ςö ἄσκΰυμα

:4. ἀβΰιάε

:;. @n tkj b`htua lg Enex`aenbjr

:0. Rkj uttjrenhj lg fj`nd

C. ]bstbrn toen`enm

Tbhjbxefn

Cg-sbyn

73. Rkludktguo tk`nm`nd enb tkj ‟hlnhjpt‑

75. Tky nltk`nd ‟hlajs glrtk‑ `n ‟tk`nm`nd‑ (es ‟pk`olslpky‑)

76. Rkj fjd`nn`nd lg Tjstjrn tk`nm`nd

78. Rl tk`nm eflut tk`nm`nd

72. Rkj fjd`nn`nd lg tk`nm`nd

7:. Sk`olslpky‒tk`nm`nd‒fj`nd

77. Rreb`t`ln lut lg tkj jssjnhj lg k`stlr`eo`ty

74. K`stlry enb k`stlr`loldy

B. Rncbr wgy tfwgrc tob herst dbmennenm

Sob prbpgrgtefn hfr tob toen`enm fh dbynm en ets oestfreagjety

Qf gs tf rblgen fn tob drecmb

7;. Mjy wlrbs w`tk rjspjht tl fj`nd

70. Rl err`vj et tkj blae`n lg tkj b`spls`t`ln . . .

43. Rkj trens`t`ln

45. Rkj hlooepsj lg Ἀνήλκΰε lut lg tkj dolfeo alunte`n rendj= tkj fjd`nn`nd lg tkj bjst`ny lg fj`nd.

H. Sob herst dbmennenm

46. Rkj t`aj `s hla`nd

48. Rrutk enb hldn`t`ln

42. Ln tkj prjsjntet`ln lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

4:. Rkj jssjnhj lg fj`nd `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

47. Vjhloojht`ln `ntl tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

44. χύψΰφ enb tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

4;. Tket bljs nlt yjt fjd`n `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

40. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd enb `ts `nhjptueo`ty

;3. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd es Ἀνήλκΰε

;5. @n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

;6. Rkj tk`nmjrs lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

;8. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

;2. Rkj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

;:. @n rjderb tl tkj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

;7. Rkj `ntjrprjtet`vj rjhloojht`ln

;4. Srlhjburj

;;. Rkj lfv`lus lfijht`ln

;0. Enex`aenbjr enb Kjreho`tus

03. Enex`aenbjr enb Serajn`bjs

05. Kjreho`tus enb Serajn`bjs

M. Sob herst dbmennenm

06. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd. ἀνήλκΰε

08. Rl sklw tkj g`rst (fjd`nn`nd)

02. Rkj hlnhjeojb `njggef`o`ty lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

0:. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

07. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

04. Nlt eoo tk`nmjrs et tkj stert

0;. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

00. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

O. Sob gcvgnablbnt fh tob herst dbmennenm

entf tob stgrt fh lbtgpoyseas

533. Ἀνήλκΰε → ὀυλøςδφ

535. Rkj ebvenhjajnt lut lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

536. Srjsjnhj, hlnstenhy, r`d`b`ty

538. χύψΰφ‒ἰβέε

@@. RKJ VJXLNER@ND

G. Sob rbsfngtenm

Xestg

532. Rkj rjslnet`nd

53:. Rkj rjslnet`nd

537. Rkj rjslnet`nd

534. Rkj k`stlry lg fjynd

53;. Rkj rjslnet`nd

530. Rkj g`rst rjslnet`nd `s tket lg tkj pess`nd fy

553. Rkj rjslnet`nd

D. Sob semns fh tob trgnsetefn

Sob pgssenm dy

Sob en-dbtwbbn fh tob oestfry fh dbynm

555. X`dns lg fj`nd `n tkj edj lg tkj hlnsuaaet`ln lg ajtepkys`hs

556. Rkj jrrenhy lg tkj jrrent ster es tkj `n-fjtwjjn lg tkj pess`nd fy

558. Rkj jssjnhj lg trutk `n tkj pess`nd fy

552. Rkj unevl`befoj

55:. Rkj bja`sj lg ajtepkys`hs= tkj trens`t`ln

557. Rkj pess`nd fy

554. Rkj pess`nd fy

55;. Rkj pess`nd fy

550. Rkj pess`nd fy

563. Rkj rjslnet`nd

565. Rkj lvjrhla`nd lg ajtepkys`hs

A. Lfcbrnety gnc tob ]bst

566. Rkj bja`sj lg ajtepkys`hs= tkj trens`t`ln tl tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

568. Dlb-ojssnjss jxpjr`jnhjb `n tjras lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

562. Rkj hlnsuaaet`ln lg albjrn`ty

56:. Rkj pess`nd fy

567. Rkj t`aj lg tkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

564. Rkj w`oo tl w`oo`nd

56;. Rkj jrrenhy lg aehk`net`ln

560. Rkj jssjnhj lg ‟albjrn`ty‑

583. Albjrn`ty enb tkj Tjst

585. ‟Rkj Tjst‑ enb ‟Jurlpj‑

586. Rkj Tjst enb Jurlpj

588. Efenblnajnt fy fj`nd= tkj Tjst

582. ‟Rkj Tjst‑

58:. Rkj Tjst

587. Tlrob-k`stlry enb tkj Tjst

584. Hjrte`nty, sjhur`ty, jstefo`skajnt, heohuoet`ln, enb lrbjr

58;. Bjvestet`ln

580. Rkj `nhjptueo`ty lg tkj fjd`nn`nd= fjynd

C. Lbtgpoyseas

Sob bpesfcb

dbtwbbn

tob herst dbmennenm gnc tob ftobr dbmennenm

Sob trgnsetefn (ets semns)

523. Ajtepkys`hs

525. ‟Ajtepkys`hs‑

526. Fjd`nn`nd enb ebvenhjajnt

528. Ajtepkys`hs enb fjynd

522. Klw enb `n wket sjnsj

52:. Ajtepkys`hs

527. Rkj bja`sj lg ajtepkys`hs `n tkj w`oo tl w`oo`nd

524. ‟Jssjnhj‑ enb ‟fj`nd‑

52;. Rkj jnb lg ajtepkys`hs= ‟wlrob-p`hturj‑

520. Rkj hlnsuaaet`ln lg ajtepkys`hs

5:3. Xtjebgestnjss w`tk`n tkj fjd`nn`nd

5:5. ‟Fj`nd‑

5:6. ‟Lrbjr‑ enb tkj glrdlttjnnjss lg fj`nd

5:8. Rkj jnb lg ajtepkys`hs= rjgojht`ln

5:2. Rkj oest rjanents lg tkj bja`sj lg ‟pk`olslpky‑ `n tkj edj lg tkj hlnsuaaet`ln lg ajtepkys`hs

5::. Glrdlttjnnjss lg fj`nd

5:7. Fj`nd es aehk`net`ln

5:4. Fj`nd es tkj nln-sjnslry

5:;. Ajtepkys`hs9 Ment enb Xhkjoo`nd‒Kjdjo

5:0. Rrutk es hjrte`nty

573. F`lold`heo ‟o`gj‑ (N`jtzshkj)

575. Ajtepkys`hs

576. Rkj bja`sj lg ajtepkys`hs

578. Rkj sey`nd

B. Sob wejj tf wejjenm

572. ‟Fj`nd‑ `n ajtepkys`hs

57:. Rkj w`oo tl w`oo`nd

577. Rkj w`oo tl w`oo`nd

@@@. RKJ B@GGJVJNHJ

574. Fjynd

57;. @ntrlbuht`ln

570. Rkj b`ggjrjnhj (Luto`nj)

543. Rkj b`ggjrjnhj enb nltk`ndnjss

545. Rkj b`ggjrjnhj enb tkj jvjnt

546. Rkj b`ggjrjnhj

548. Rkj b`ggjrjnhj

542. Rkj b`ggjrjnhj enb tkj ‟unbjrstenb`nd lg fj`nd‑

54:. Rkj b`ggjrjnt`et`ln

547. Rkj b`ggjrjnt`et`ln enb tkj b`ggjrjnhj

544. Njdet`v`ty enb nl-sey`nd

54;. Nltk`ndnjss

@W. RKJ RT@XR@ND GVJJ

540. Luto`nj

5;3. Rkj k`stlry lg fjynd

5;5. Rkj k`stlry lg fjynd

5;6. Rkj hlniunhturj lg fjynd

5;8. Rkj hlniunhturj lg fjynd

W. RKJ JWJNR

Rkj vlhefuoery lg `ts jssjnhj

5;2. Rkj jvjnt. Rkj vlhefuoery lg `ts jssjnhj

5;:. Rkj trjesurj lg tkj wlrb

W@. RKJ JWJNR

5;7. Rkj jvjnt. Luto`nj

5;4. Rkj epprlpr`et`nd jvjnt

5;;. Jvjnt enb hlapess`ln

5;0. Fjd`nn`nd enb tkj epprlpr`et`nd jvjnt

503. Jvjnt enb blae`n lg wket `s prlpjr

505. Jvjnt enb getj

506. Rkj epprlpr`et`nd jvjnt `s `nhurs`ln

508. Jvjnt‒jxpjr`jnhj

502. Rl sklw‒tl jvjntuetj

W@@. RKJ JWJNR ENB RKJ KZAEN FJ@ND

50:. Rkj jvjnt enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

507. Rkj jvjnt‒Rkj kuaen fj`nd

504. Rkj jvjnt

50;. Rkj jvjnt= tkj kuaen fj`nd es unbjrstllb w`tk rjspjht tl tkj k`stlry lg fjynd, `.j., w`tk rjspjht tl k`stlr`eo`ty

500. Rkj jvjnt enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

633. Rkj jvjnt enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

635. Rkj jvjnt enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

636. Fj`nd enb bjetk

638. Tket hennlt fj jxpjr`jnhjb lg tkj fjd`nn`nd

632. Rkj fjd`nn`nd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

63:. Fjynd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

637. Rkj fjd`nn`nd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

634. Rkj kuaen fj`nd enb fj`nd

63;. Fj`nd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

630. Fjynd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

653. Fjynd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd‒Rkj s`apoj jxpjr`jnhj

655. Fj`nd enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

W@@@. BE-XJPN

656. Be-sj`n. Luto`nj

658. Be-sjyn

652. Be-sj`n

65:. Be-sj`n

657. Be-sj`n

654. Eoo fjynd `s Be-sjyn

65;. ‟Besj`n‑ (k`stlry lg tkj wlrb)

650. Be enb Be-sj`n

663. Rkj hojer`nd enb `ts sjafoent japt`njss

665. Rkj s`apoj enb tkj bjsloetj

666. @n Be-sj`n

668. Be-sj`n

662. Fjynd‒es Be-sjyn

66:. Rkj tjaplreo blae`n lg dlbojssnjss w`tk rjspjht tl tkj k`stlry lg fjynd (jxpjr`jnhjb dlbojssnjss)

667. Be-sj`n `ooua`netjs

664. Be-sj`n enb ‟lpjnnjss‑

G. Sob oulgn dbenm gs uncbrstffc weto rbspbat

tf tob oestfry fh dbynm

gnc

Cg-sbyn (stbgchgstnbss)

66;. Xtjebgestnjss

660. Rkj nlf`o`ty lg `nb`djnhj

683. Xtjebgestnjss

685. Xtjebgestnjss `n Be-sj`n

686. Mnlwojbdj

688. Rkj jvjnt enb k`stlr`eo kuaen`ty

682. Rkj nlf`o`ty lg kuaens enb tkj`r `nb`djnhj `n tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

68:. Rkj jvjnt enb tkj kuaen fj`nd

687. Rkj lpjn rjeoa lg hlnhjeoajnt

684. Xtjebgestnjss enb tkj hojer`nd lg tkj ‟tkjrj‑

68;. Rkj `nhlaperefoj

D. Cg-sbyn

Selb-spgab

Cg-sben gnc ‚rbhjbxefn“

Qtbgchgstnbss gnc cespfsetefn

680. ‟Vjgojx`ln‑

623. Be-sj`n‒‟spehj‑

A. Cespfsetefn gnc Cg-sben

Sob pgen fh tob qubstefn-wfrtoenbss fh dbynm

625. B`spls`t`ln

626. ‟B`spls`t`ln‑

628. Rkj b`spls`t`ln lg tk`nm`nd `s tkj vl`hj lg fjynd

622. Blwndl`nd enb `ts b`spls`t`ln

62:. Be-sj`n enb tkenm`nd

627. Rkj fes`h b`spls`t`lns lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

624. Rkj fes`h b`spls`t`lns lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

62;. Srjb`spls`t`ln

620. Wl`hj, b`spls`t`ln, ‟gjjo`nds‑

@[. RKJ LRKJV FJD@NN@ND

6:3. @n wket bljs tkj jssjnt`eo un`ty lg jvjnt enb fjd`nn`nd bwjoo<

6:5. Rkj hluntjr-turn `n tkj jvjnt enb tkj fjd`nn`nd

6:6. Rkj fjd`nn`nd

6:8. Rkj fjd`nn`nd

6:2. Rkj oest dlb

[. B@VJHR@WJX RL RKJ JWJNR

G. Sob bncurenm fh tob cehhbrbnab (cestenatefn)

Bxpbrebnab gs tob pgen ‚fh“ tob cbpgrturb

6::. Se`n‒jxpjr`jnhj‒mnlwojbdj

6:7. Jxpjr`jnhj

6:4. Rkj pe`n lg tkj jnbur`nd

6:;. Jnbur`nd es tkenm`nd

6:0. Rkj jnbur`nd lg tkj b`ggjrjnhj

673. @nhjptueo tk`nm`nd `s efysseo tk`nm`nd

675. Fjynd `s jxpjr`jnhjb

676. Rkj qujst`ln9 @n wket wey<

678. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd seys fjynd

672. Jnbur`nd enb qujst`ln`nd

Rkj qujst`ln-wlrtk`njss lg fjynd

67:. Rkj jssjnhj lg jxpjr`jnhj

Rkj qujst`ln-wlrtk`njss lg fjynd

677. Glunb`nd enb jnbur`nd

D. Sob toen`enm fh tob oestfry fh dbynm

Sob bncurenm fh tob cehhbrbnab (cestenatefn)

Sob agrb fh tob gdyss

Sob teldbr trgej

Soen`enm gnc tob wfrc

674. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

67;. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

670. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd `n tkj trens`t`ln

643. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

645. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd. Rkj tkludktguo wlrb

646. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

648. Rkj jvjnt

642. Rk`nm`nd

64:. Rkj b`shrjpenhy `n tkj pr`lr`ty lg prjsjntet`ln

647. Rkj fjd`nn`nd‒`njxpjr`jnhj

644. Rkj `nhlnsloefoj bjperturj

64;. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd= tkj hlnhjpt

640. @nhjptueo tk`nm`nd

6;3. Rkj jnbur`nd lg tkj b`ggjrjnhj

6;5. Rk`nm`nd es jnbur`nd

6;6. Rkj jnbur`nd

6;8. Rkj de`nsey`nd `n tkj sey`nd lg tkj jvjnt

6;2. Rkj t`afjr tre`o

6;:. Fjd`nn`nd enb `aajb`ehy

6;7. @nhjptueo tk`nm`nd `n `ts lr`d`net`ln lut lg ajtepkys`hs

6;4. @g fj`nd fjnbs tlwerb `tsjog tkj trehm lg aenm`nb

6;;. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg fjynd

6;0. Rk`nm`nd enb wlrbs

603. Fjynd‒tk`nm`nd

A. Sfwgrc g herst bjuaecgtefn fh tob dgsea wfrcs

‚Sruto“ (]eto rbmgrc tf9 Sob sgyenm fh tob herst dbmennenm)

Sob ‚bssbnab“ gnc tob ‚bssbntegj faaurrbnab“

Oestfry gnc oestfregjety

e. Rkj ‟jssjnhj‑ enb tkj ‟jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj‑

605. Fjynd enb jssjnhj

f. K`stlry

606. Rjra`nloldy

608. K`stlry `s k`stlr`eo`ty

602. Rkj jssjnhj lg k`stlr`eo`ty

60:. K`stlry

607. K`stlry

604. Lvjrhla`nd, trens`t`ln, fjd`nn`nd

60;. Rkj k`stlry lg fj`nd

600. Xpehj enb t`aj

833. K`stlry enb k`stlr`loldy

835. Dl`nd unbjr

_E. Sob toen`enm fh tob oestfry fh dbynm

(Soen`enm gnc pfbtezenm)

G. Sob bxpbrebnab fh togt woeao es wfrtoy fh qubstefnenm

Sob jbgp

Sob afnhrfntgtefn

Sob ajgreheagtefn fh gatefn

Sob `nfwjbcmb fh toen`enm

836. Du`b`nd nlt`lns

838. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd `s tkj `nhjptueo jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj tw`st`nd grjj lg fjynd

832. Rkj g`rst stjp lg `nhjptueo tk`nm`nd

83:. Rkj mnlwojbdj lg tk`nm`nd

837. Klw tkj tkludktguo tk`nm`nd lg fjynd `s e tkenm`nd

834. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd `s tkj nln-trens`tlry bjperturj lg fjynd

83;. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg fjynd

830. Rkj eoo-erlus`nd, hlnstent jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

853. Rkludktguo drlunb`nd es jxpls`t`ln lg tkj drlunb. Drlunb`nd enb jxpjr`jnhj. Rl rjae`n `n tkj alst prlpjr oew lg tk`nm`nd

855. Rkj tkludktguo essjrt`ln

856. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd w`tk rjderb tl tkj fjd`nn`nd

858. Rkludktguo sey`nd enb `ts hoe`a

852. Rkj wlrb

85:. Rkj ojep

857. Rkj hoer`g`het`ln lg wket `s tl fj blnj

854. ‟Hr`t`quj‑

D. Sob dbmennenm gnc obbchujnbss

85;. Rkj jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj fjd`nn`nd

850. Jxpjr`jnhj

863. Aerm`nds enb kjjbguonjss

865. Ln kjjbguonjss

866. Ln kjjbguonjss

868. Kjjbguonjss

862. Kjjbguonjss

86:. Glrdlttjnnjss lg fj`nd

867. Rkj glrdlttjnnjss lg fj`nd

864. Rkj glrdlttjnnjss lg fj`nd= kjjbguonjss

86;. Fj`nd enb fj`nds

860. Fjd`nn`nd enb fj`nd

883. Rkj bjh`s`ln

A. Sob sgyenm fh tob dbmennenm

885. Rkj wlrb, ajtepkys`hs, enb tkj fjd`nn`nd

886. Rkj wlrb lg `nhjptueo tk`nm`nd

888. Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd enb tkj bjaenb glr un`vlh`ty, nln-hlntreb`ht`ln, nln-h`rhuoer`ty, enb hlaprjkjns`f`o`ty

882. T`tk`n tkj g`rst ettjapt et tkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd

88:. Rkj sey`nd lg tkj fjd`nn`nd

887. Rkj sey`nd lg tkj fjd`nn`nd

884. Rkj sey`nd lg tkj fjd`nn`nd

88;. Rkj `nhjptueo hoe`a lg tkj fjd`nn`nd

880. @nhjptueo tk`nm`nd

823. Fjd`nn`nd es ἀυτή= `nhjptueo tk`nm`nd

825. Fjd`nn`nd enb rjhloojht`ln

826. Rkj sey`nd lg tkj fjd`nn`nd

C. Soen`enm gnc `nfwenm

Soen`enm gnc pfbtezenm

828. Sljt`z`nd‒Rk`nm`nd

822. Rl fj drjjtjb= Be-sj`n

82:. Rkj trens`t`ln

827. Sljt`z`nd enb tk`nm`nd

824. Rk`nm`nd enb pljt`z`nd

82;. X`ojnhj enb sey`nd

820. Rkenm`nd

8:3. Jssjnt`eo tk`nm`nd

8:5. Jssjnt`eo tk`nm`nd

8:6. Rk`nm`nd enb pljt`z`nd

8:8. Eba`ss`ln enb stjebgestnjss

8:2. Eba`ss`ln enb bjtehkajnt

8::. Rkj skynjss `n tkj fjd`nn`nd

8:7. ‟Rk`nm`nd‑

8:4. Rkenm`nd enb s`ojnhj

8:;. Rk`nm`nd enb tkenm`nd

8:0. Rkenm`nd enb fjynd

873. Epprlpr`et`nd jvjnt enb tkenm`nd

875. Rk`nm`nd

876. Rk`nm`nd enb hldn`t`ln

878. Rk`nm`nd

B. [fbtezenm gnc toen`enm

872. Sljt`z`nd enb tk`nm`nd

87:. Rk`nm`nd enb pljt`z`nd

H. Sob pfbt gnc tob toen`br

877. Sljt`z`nd enb tk`nm`nd

874. Rkj trutk lg K÷objro`n‐s pljtry

87;. Rkj g`rst enb alst jxtrjaj sjperet`ln lg tk`nm`nd enb pljt`z`nd

870. Rk`nm`nd enb pljt`z`nd

843. Sljt`z`nd enb tk`nm`nd

845. Sljt`z`nd enb tk`nm`nd

846. Rkj tkenm`nd lg tkj rjnunh`et`ln `s tkludktguo tkenm`nd

848. T`tk rjspjht tl tkj k`stlry lg fjynd, tkj guturj jssjnhj lg tkj pljt enb tkj tk`nmjr

842. Sljt`z`nd enb tk`nm`nd `n tkj`r rjoet`ln tl tkj wlrb

84:. Lnj tk`nmjr enb enltkjr

M. ‚Afllbntgry“ gnc ‚entbrprbtgtefn“

e. Rk`nm`nd w`tk rjspjht tl K÷objro`n. ‟@ntjrprjtet`ln‑

847. K÷objro`n

844. Rkj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg K÷objro`n

84;. ‟@ntjrprjtet`lns‑ lg ‟K÷objro`n‑

840. Rk`nm`nd eflut K÷objro`n

8;3. Rkj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg K÷objro`n w`tk`n tkj ltkjr tk`nm`nd

f. ‟Hlaajntery‑ enb ‟`ntjrprjtet`ln‑

8;5. ‟Hlaajntery‑

8;6. Hlaajntery enb `ntjrprjtet`ln

8;8. Hlaajnts

8;2. Rkj hlaajnts

8;:. Hlaajnts

8;7. Rkj `ntjrprjtet`ln

Jb`tlr‐s Egtjrwlrb

Djraen‘Jndo`sk Dolssery

Jndo`sk‘Djraen Dolssery

Rrensoetlr‐s @ntrlbuht`ln

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Rk`s `s e trensoet`ln lg Aert`n Kj`bjddjr‐s @ms Lrlojeos. Rkj Djraen lr`d`neo wes hlaplsjb `n 5025‘26 enb wes pufo`skjb plstkualusoy `n 6330 es vlouaj 45 lg tkj eutklr‐s Jlsmitmusjmhl (‟Hlapojtj Jb`t`ln‑). Rkj fllm `s tkj s`xtk `n e sjr`js lg sjvjn rjgojht`lns `neuduretjb fy tkj bjh`s`vj Baetrohutoaes ta [dofasapdy (An tdl Lvlet). Et tkj kjert lg eoo tkjsj rjgojht`lns `s wket Kj`bjddjr heoos ‟tkj jvjnt,‑ enb tkj t`toj lg tkj prjsjnt vlouaj tkus `nb`hetjs `ts holsj hlnnjht`ln tl Baetrohutoaes enb `ts hjntreo`ty tl Kj`bjddjr‐s petk lg tk`nm`nd.

Es w`tk tkj ltkjr ajafjrs lg tkj sjr`js, tkj hurrjnt vlouaj g`ts w`tk`n tkj tk`rb b`v`s`ln lg tkj Jlsmitmusjmhl3 ‟Znpufo`skjb trjet`sjs9 ebbrjssjs‒plnbjr`nds.‑ Rkj lpjret`vj wlrbs kjrj erj ‟unpufo`skjb‑ enb ‟plnbjr`nds.‑ Rk`s `s nlt e plo`skjb trjet`sj, hlaplsjb w`tk b`beht`h `ntjnt. @t `s e pr`vetj plnbjr`nd, njvjr `ntjnbjb glr pufo`het`ln. Rkus, w`tk rjderb tl glra, tkj fllm `s rjpojtj w`tk tkj pert`eo sjntjnhjs enb hrypt`h pessedjs tket hluob fj jxpjhtjb wkjn tk`nmjrs wr`tj glr tkjasjovjs. Alrjlvjr, es tl hlntjnt, tkj plnbjr`nd stjas grla e v`jw lg plnbjr`nd lr tk`nm`nd reb`heooy et lbbs w`tk tkj treb`t`lneo unbjrstenb`nd lg tkjsj es rjprjsjntet`ln `n hlnhjpts. Glr Kj`bjddjr, lur lrb`nery heohuoet`vj, dresp`nd (hln-hjptueo) wey lg tk`nm`nd ehtueooy ojebs tl tkludktojssnjss. Ehhlrb`ndoy, ‟Rlbey tk`nm`nd aust tk`nm `n e sterto`nd wey sl es tl ilot kuaens glr tkj vjry g`rst t`aj `ntl tkj pess`ln lg tk`nm`nd‑ (§642). Tj erj kjrj pr`v`ojdjb tl ollm lvjr Kj`bjddjr‐s skluobjr es kj temjs up k`s pjn `n tk`s sterto`nd wey, eotkludk‒`n v`jw lg fltk glra enb hlntjnt‒nl lnj skluob jxpjht tkj dl`nd tl fj jesy.

Ay djnjreo stretjdy `n trensoet`nd tk`s fllm wes tkj seaj es tket japolyjb w`tk rjderb tl Baetrohutoaes3 tl hepturj `n Jndo`sk tkj jggjht tkj lr`d`neo wluob kevj ln e net`vj spjemjr lg Djraen. Rkjrjglrj @ aebj nl ettjapt tl rjslovj tkj dreaaet`heo pjhuo`er`t`js, nlr b`b @ `aplsj ln Kj`bjddjr‐s tjra`nloldy tkj jxtrelrb`nery sjnsj tkj lrb`nery wlrbs (suhk es ‟jvjnt‑) bl jvjntueooy essuaj. Rk`s trensoet`ln `s ajent tl klob tket sjnsj lpjn tl rjebjrs enb tl `nv`tj tkja `ntl tkj tesm lg b`sholsurj, fut `t `s uot`aetjoy `nhuafjnt ln tkj rjebjr k`asjog lr kjrsjog tl bjh`bj wket tket sjnsj `s.

@ kevj mjpt ay `ntjrploet`lns tl e a`n`aua, enb tkjsj erj eoweys poehjb w`tk`n frehmjts. Frehjs ({}) erj rjsjrvjb glr rjaerms fy tkj jb`tlr. @ kevj hlap`ojb Djraen‘Jndo`sk enb Jndo`sk‘Djraen dolsser`js glr tkj hjntreo vlhefuoery lg tkj fllm. Kj`bjddjr bljs eppjeo

Ads not by this sikjrj nlt `ngrjqujntoy tl Drjjm tjras, fut kj eoalst `nver`efoy prlv`bjs k`s lwn trensoet`ln `n tkj tjxt, sl @ b`b nlt tk`nm e dolssery lg tkjsj tjras njhjssery. Es e g`neo e`b tl enylnj bjs`r`nd tl rjeb tk`s Jndo`sk vjrs`ln holsjoy `n hlniunht`ln w`tk tkj lr`d`neo, tkj runn`nd kjebs `nb`hetj tkj Jlsmitmusjmhl ped`net`ln.

V`hkerb Vlihjw`hz

GLVJTLVBX

ιεὶ ςίφ συöφ ἀαβυöφ οὴ ζνέσμαςμφ ἄυικψΰφ=

ὅφ‐ ἂα νέθποκα σάαλ‐ ὁυ

αςε νέξμοκα.

Enb wket, grla e aen wkl hennlt ollm, `s tkj werrent<

Tketjvjr wj a`dkt sey, wj sjj `n eoo tket wj sey.

‒XLSKLHOJX, Al`opus mt Bafaeus, vv. 48‘42

ἄρκεσις	“warrant”—what he offers on a solid basis.
βλέπειν	“to look”—to have a view of beings, of things and incidents. In all such matters, this man is lost. He is blind with respect to beings.
ὁρν	“to see”—to have an eye for “being”—destiny—the truth of beings. This seeing is the sight of the pain of experience. The capacity to suffer, up to the affliction of the complete concealment of going away.

Rk`s ‟prjsjntet`ln‑ bljs nlt bjshr`fj enb rjplrt= `t `s nj`tkjr ‟systja‑ nlr ‟epklr`sas.‑ Lnoy epperjntoy `s `t e ‟prjsjntet`ln.‑ @t `s en ettjapt et e rjpoy`nd wlrb, e drlunb`nd wlrb= tkj sey`nd lg tkj jnburenhj= fut ajrjoy e t`afjr tre`o lgg tkj fjetjn petk.

Jvjrytk`nd s`nhj Baetrohutoaes ta [dofasapdy (An tdl Lvlet) tl fj trensglrajb `n tk`s sey`nd.

Pdl `lstoey an hlyej

5 `lvafvls upae tdl tdoeglrs

Jehk lg tkj fes`h wlrbs seys tkj seaj, tkj jvjnt. Rkj`r sjqujnhj `s bjtjra`njb lut lg tkj jssjnhj lg tkj jnburenhj, tl wklsj stjebgestnjss tkj sey`nd `s pjrkeps hlns`dnjb et t`ajs.

Rkj fes`h wlrbs erj trehjs wk`hk, `n en unsurvjyefoj h`rhoj erlunb tkj jvjnt, ojeb `ntl e blae`n tket `s fjylnb eoo njernjss enb `s tkjrjglrj unmnlwn tl jvjry `aajb`etj rjprjsjntet`ln.

Jvjry wlrb rjpo`js tl tkj hoe`a lg tkj tureoej3 tket tkj trutk lg fjynd jssjnt`eooy lhhurs `n tkj fjynd lg trutk.

Rkj r`nd lg tkj turn `nb`hetjs tkj tw`st`nd grjj lg tkj `nhjptueo`ty.

Rkj tk`nm`nd lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd drlunbs tkj efysseo drlunb fy klob`nd stjebgest `n tkj trujnjss lg tkj fjd`nn`nd enb tkus trensglra`nd tkj wlrb.

Rkj b`spjnset`ln lg fjynd `n tkj jvjnt tlwerb tkj fjd`nn`nd.

Rkj iunht`ln `s et lnhj struhturj enb hlapo`enhj.

Rkj hlniunhturj lg fjynd `s tkj lnj enb tkj ltkjr lut lg tkj iunht`ln lg tkj fjd`nn`nd.

Nlt lnoy tkrludklut eoo tkj wlrob

fut tkrludk eoo lg fjynd

`n tkj jvjnt

tlwerb tkj fjd`nn`nd

fut njvjr `n tkj fjd`nn`nd

tkludktguooy hlapo`entoy

tl tk`nm hlapo`entoy‒tl jnburj tkj b`st`nht`ln `n tkj bjperturj.

Rkj prjsjntet`ln alvjs fehm enb glrtk, gloolws tkj turn`nd, enb jx`sts `n tkj rjvjrfjret`ln lg rjslnenhj enb hlnslnenhj.

@n rjderb tl Baetrohutoaes ta [dofasapdy (An tdl Lvlet)

5. Rkj prjsjntet`ln `s `n poehjs tll b`beht`h.

6. Rkj tk`nm`nd gloolws tkj bjpjnbjnhj (iust`g`jb lnoy b`beht`heooy) ln tkj b`ggjrjnt`et`ln fjtwjjn tkj ‟fes`h qujst`ln‑ enb tkj ‟du`b`nd qujst`ln‑ w`tk`n tkj ‟qujst`ln lg fj`nd.‑ Rk`s oettjr qujst`ln `s st`oo drespjb alrj `n tkj styoj lg ajtepkys`hs retkjr tken tkludkt `n tkj gesk`ln lg tkj eorjeby hlnhj`vjb k`stlry lg fj`nd.

8. Ehhlrb`ndoy, jvjn tkj ‟fjd`nn`nd‑ `s st`oo drespjb es slajtk`nd herr`jb lut fy tk`nmjrs enb nlt `n `ts jssjnt`eo un`ty w`tk tkj jvjnt.

2. Fy tkj seaj tlmjn, tkj jvjnt st`oo bljs nlt rjhj`vj tkj purjoy `nhjptueo jssjnhj lg tkj efyss `n wk`hk erj prjperjb tkj err`veo lg fj`nds enb tkj bjh`s`ln rjderb`nd b`v`n`ty enb kuaen`ty. Rkj tkludkt lg tkj oest

6 dlb `s st`oo untk`nmefoj.

:. Be-sj`n `s `nbjjb tkludkt jssjnt`eooy lut lg tkj jvjnt, fut njvjrtkjojss tll un`oetjreooy `n rjoet`ln tl tkj kuaen fj`nd.

7. Rkj kuaen fj`nd st`oo nlt tkludkt k`stlr`eooy jnludk.

5. Erhke`h glra lg ‟fj`nd‑ tl rjnbjr `ms Rlye, erhke`h glra lg `ms Rloe.‒Rrens.

6. slajt`aj

@. RKJ G@VXR FJD@NN@ND

E. Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd

EΝKΛJ@E

hg. Pdl Dostary an Hlyej {DE70}

hg. Pdl Avlrbaioej an Iltmpdysobs {DE74}

hg. Il`otmtoae {DE77}

hg. Baetrohutoaes ta [dofasapdy WAn tdl LvletY {DE7:}

hg. Ojhturj ln trutk 50839 Ae tdl Lsslebl an Prutd {DE;3}

hg. Hloej me` Poil {DE6}

hg. ojhturj hlursjs9

T`ntjr sjajstjr 5085‘869 Ae tdl Lsslebl an Prutd. [fmta‟s Bmvl Mffljary me` Pdlmtltus {DE82}

Xuaajr sjajstjr 50869 Pdl Hljoeeoej an Zlstlre [dofasapdy (Memxoime`lr me` [mrileo`ls) {DE8:}

T`ntjr sjajstjr 5082‘8:9 Dþf`lrfoe‟s Dyies ‖Jlrimeole’ me` ‖@lr Xdloe’ {DE80}

Xuaajr sjajstjr 508:9 Oetra`ubtoae ta Iltmpdysobs {DE23}

Xuaajr sjajstjr 50879 Rbdlffoej3 Ae tdl Lsslebl an Duime Nrll`ai (=4;?) {DE26}

T`ntjr sjajstjr 5084‘8;9 Prutd. Hmsob qulstoaes an [dofasapdy3 Rlflbtl` ‖[rahflis’ an ‖Fajob’ {DE2:}

=. Pdl norst hljoeeoej

Ἀνήλκΰε jssjnt`eooy lhhurs es tkj fjd`nn`nd.

Rrujnjss `s tkj trutk lg fj`nd.

Rrutk `s ‟tkj dlbbjss,‑ λκά.

Kjr klusj `s wjoo rlunbjb, nlt holsjb, njvjr (trjafo`nd) b`ssjafo`nd kjert fut, `nstjeb, b`shols`nd `ooua`net`ln lg jvjrytk`nd. Ἀνήλκΰε `s `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd tkj hlnhjeojb‒trulelss3 tkj hlnhjeo`nd prjsjrvet`ln

lg tkj hojerjb-lpjn, tkj fjstlweo lg tkj r`s`nd up, tkj pjra`tt`nd lg prjsjnhj. Prutd os tdl lsslebl an hloej.

‟Fj`nd‑ eorjeby ‟`s‑ `n tkj b`sjntendojajnt (enb `nbjjb jssjnt`eooy lhhurs `n tkj `nb`shjrn`foj b`sjntendojajnt). Pdl twostoej nrll an hloej.

Lg hlursj `t w`oo et g`rst fj b`gg`huot tl rjnlunhj fjynd lut lg tkj tw`st`nd grjj enb et tkj seaj t`aj tl jxpjr`jnhj trutk es slajtk`nd tket ‟`s alrj guooy‑ tken eny hldn`t`vj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg `ts jssjnhj eoolws.

8. Ἀηήδμον‐ἰΰέν

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B`shlnhjeoajnt9 wkjn enb wkjrj bljs `t jx`st enb keppjn< Hen wj esm suhk e qujst`ln `g wj mnlw tket Ἀνήλκΰε `s fj`nd `tsjog< Fut ἔψςΰα θὰυ κ

αεΰ. Hjrte`noy= tk`s `apo`js, klwjvjr, tket fj`nd `tsjog jssjnt`eooy lhhurs `n en lr`d`nery wey tkrludklut t`aj-poehj, eotkludk fj`nd hennlt fj p`nnjb blwn fy `nb`het`nd e pls`t`ln tkjrj`n.

Pjt bljs nlt tkj qujst`ln fjhlaj jvjr unevl`befoj9 klw wluob ἀνήλκΰε fj temjn up enb prjsjrvjb< Xurjoy `t `s unevl`befoj, fut tk`s tem`nd up (lr`d`net`nd jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg tkj kuaen fj`nd es αμ

φ) `s nlt `n tkj g`rst poehj tkj drlunb`nd lg Ἀνήλκΰε, wk`hk jssjnt`eooy lhhurs lnoy `n `ts prlpjr `nhjptueo`ty, `.j., lnoy `nhjptueooy. Rkjrjglrj tkj jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj `nhjptueo `s bjh`s`vj, enb sl erj, alrjlvjr, tkj rjnunh`et`ln lg en jxpoenet`ln enb tkj olheo`zet`ln `n e poehj. Eoo tk`s ajrjoy re`sjs qujst`lns, fjheusj wj tk`nm `n tjras lg fj`nds enb erj o`ttoj efoj tl aethk up tl fj`nd, wk`hk wj, gloolw`nd tkj bjs`dnet`ln, et tkj seaj t`aj temj enb sjjm es en ‟lfijht.‑

Fut `s tkj ἰβέε, epperjntnjss, nlt tkjn tkj seaj es ἀνήλκΰε< Pjs enb nl. @n `t st`oo tkj jssjnhj lg tkj jajrdjnt fut et tkj seaj t`aj tkj `nhous`ln lg lnollm`nd, wkjrjfy tkj ἰβέε `tsjog fjhlajs tket mt wdobd e b`rjht`nd `s b`rjhtjb. Rk`s, klwjvjr, bljs nlt et lnhj `ntrlbuhj enytk`nd lg tkj ‟sufijht‑ enb tkj sufijht`vj. Tket `s jssjnt`eo kjrj `s lnoy tket unhlnhjeojbnjss hlajs unbjr tkj ylmj lg tkj ἰβέε, `.j., tkj

eht lg lnollm`nd, wkjrjfy tkj lnollm`nd bljs njvjrtkjojss nlt pls`t enb hrjetj tkj ἰβέε fut, `nstjeb, pjrhj`vjs `t.

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Pjt tk`s `nbjjb sjjas tl kevj fjjn se`b eorjeby, `n tkj b`htua lg Serajn`bjs wk`hk rjgjrs tl αμκ

α `n `ts fjolnd`nd tl fj`nd. @s κ

αεΰ nlt kjrj eorjeby αμμύοκαμα, tkus ἰβέε< Srjh`sjoy nlt= prjh`sjoy tket stjp o`js ger lgg. @nstjeb, αμκ

α enb κ

αεΰ erj neajb `n tkj`r fjolnd`nd tl ἀνήλκΰε. Enb tk`s `s jssjnt`eooy b`ggjrjnt grla tkj hlupo`nd lg ἀνήλκΰε enb αμ

φ unbjr tkj ylmj lg tkj ἰβέε.

Fut tkj ἰβέε es ἀθελøα alvjs `ntl tkj blae`n lg aem`nd plss`foj enb tkus lg jxpoe`n`nd‒hlnb`t`ln`nd‒prlbuh`nd‒εἴςΰμα= εἴςΰμα `s ἀυτή. Pjt ἀυτή `s nlt `nhjptueooy εἴςΰμα.

T`tk tk`s stjp tlwerb tkj ἀθελøα, fj`nd turns `ntl e fj`nd, `ntl tkj k`dkjst fj`nd lg suhk e m`nb tket `t heusjs fj`nd‒nlt `ntl tkj fj`nd wk`hk `s `nhjptueooy.

Rkjsj erj nlt tkj seaj9 tkj fj`nd `n tkj k`dkjst sjnsj (tkj k`dkjst fj`nd) enb tket wk`hk, es purj fj`nd, `s njvjr e fj`nd enb yjt prjh`sjoy glr tket rjesln rjae`ns tkj purj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj enb `nhjptueooy enb un`qujoy ‟os‑‒alrj `nhjptueooy tken tket ἔψςΰα lg tkj κἴαεΰ `n Serajn`bjs.

Fut tkjn, enb fjglrj eoo josj, wj aust hlns`bjr9 Ἀνήλκΰε `s tkj b`shlnhjeoajnt lg hlnhjeoajnt enb lhhurs `ntr`ns`heooy `n tkj efysseo enb tkj jn`daet`h. Enb tket `s nlt s`apoy e ferr`jr poehjb `n tkj wey lg kuaen unbjrstenb`nd= ln tkj hlntrery, tkj efysseo hkerehtjr `s tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj `tsjog‒tkj eht lg fjd`nn`nd.

@nbjjb tkj qujst`ln lg tkj rjoet`ln tl Ἀνήλκΰε enb tl tkj fjd`nn`nd st`oo rjae`ns‒unbjtjra`njb `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd, enb `n tkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd9 Be-sj`n.

2. Lrrmeby

os tdl lxtrlil `ostartl` lsslebl an trutd.

0. Ἀηήδμον ([fmta)

@n tkj Ssjubl-poetln`h ὅυμΰ (bjg`n`t`lns)9

258h7g.

Ἀνήλκΰε ἕξΰφ ἐα ιεςεχάψκΰ ιεὶ ἀσμχάψκΰ. ἐσΰψςήοδ ἀνδλ

α.

\ebaeblmfl`elss‒hlaplrtajnt `n egg`ra`nd enb bjny`nd. ‖Geawfl`jl’ an wket `s unhlnhjeojb.

258h2g.

Σίψςΰφ ὑσøνδϋΰφ ὀυλὴ ςμ

μὕςπφ ἔτκΰα ὡφ εὐς

χείακςεΰ. ζκζεΰøςδφ ἤλμϊφ.

Hlfoln, tkj hlrrjht ent`h`pet`ln tket slajtk`nd ehtueooy `s es `t sklws `tsjog tl slajlnj. Xtef`o`ty lg ett`tubj.

<. ἕι aut an αὐςΡν

`.j., lut lg tkj drlunb enb es tkj drlunb.

Tket slrt lg ‟un`ty‑<

Hg. Ment, un`ty lg stenb`nd tldjtkjr, Brotoqul an [url Xlmsae, F §57.

‟tldjtkjr‑‒σευά.

‟stenb‑‒ψςάψΰφ.

stenb`nd‒

‟hln-stent‑‒ἀκί.

>. Prutd me` hloej nar tdl Jrllgs (Rmo` me` uesmo`)

(hg. s. s. 26, p. 82g.)

Rkj jxpjr`jnhj lg fj`nd es χύψΰφ bljs nlt hlntreb`ht tkj tk`nm`nd fesjb ln tkj unse`b enb tkj baeblmfl`.

Fut μὐψάε‒kjrj eosl eorjeby tkj stert lg tkj bjstruht`ln lg ἀνήλκΰε.

:. ἀ-ηήδμον

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@n ἀνήλκΰε tkj jssjnhj lg Kjoojn`sa `s prjsjrvjb. Klw skluob tk`s prjsjrvet`ln nlt eosl jvjntuetj `n tkj jssjnhj lg tkj trutk wk`hk suhk e pjlpoj wes eoolwjb tl jxpjr`jnhj< ἀνήλκΰε‒tkj unhlnhjeojb‒seys tket wket `s truj `s nlt tkj trutk= trutk es trutk eosl, enb prjh`sjoy, `nhoubjs tkj hlnhjeojb lr, retkjr, tkj hlnhjeoajnt lg tkj hlnhjeojb, e hlnhjeoajnt tket eoolws lnoy e hjrte`n ajesurj lg b`shlnhjeoajnt tl jajrdj `ntl trutk.

Kjrj `s k`bbjn e bjtjra`net`ln lg `nhjptueo tk`nm`nd, neajoy, tket `t `s grla tkj fjd`nn`nd prjperjb tl ehmnlwojbdj tkj `rrjhlnh`oefoj enb tkj sjog-jxhoub`nd, `n wk`hk tk`s tk`nm`nd sura`sjs tkj un`ty lg tkjsj es tkj drlunb, yjt w`tklut fj`nd efoj tl jxpjr`jnhj tk`s `n e qujst`ln`nd. (tkj jssjnhj lg tkj ἕα!)

@n tk`s bueo jssjnhj lg ἀνήλκΰε erj tl fj skjotjrjb tkj ὄα enb οὴ ὄα enb tkj`r rjoet`ln= kjrj `s tkj drlunb glr tkj ἕα‒σάαςε (Kjreho`tus F :3), tkj ἁυομαίε ἀχεαήφ (F :2), ςö ἀαςίξμϊα ψϊοχέυμα (F ;), enb tkj ψδοείακΰα (F 08). Eoo tkjsj erj nlw tkludkt alstoy `n tkj albjrn sjnsj, `n tjras lg hlnsh`lusnjss, `.j., b`eojht`heooy, enb erj tkjrjfy eosl a`s`ntjrprjtjb.

4. Ἀηήδμον me` ‖spmbl me` toil’ Rpmbl me` spmtomf rlprlsletmtoae me` tdaujdt (hg. j.d., tkj jssjnhj lg tkj rjajafrenhj lg tdl pmst)

@t `s se`b tket wj usj spet`eo rjprjsjntet`lns `n eoo lur tkludkt, jvjn w`tk rjderb tl tkj ‟sp`r`tueo,‑ nln-spet`eo blae`n.

@n trutk, wj bl nlt usj tkj spet`eo, fut wj bl nlt rjhldn`zj lnoy tkj sl-heoojb ajrjoy spet`eo es e bermjn`nd enb bjtjr`lret`ln lg tkj hojerjb lpjn rjeoa‒`.j., lg tkj jhstet`h hkerehtjr lg tkj trutk lg fjynd, e hkerehtjr tket hen njvjr fj drespjb j`tkjr tkrludk lrb`nery t`aj lr tkrludk tkj feneo rjprjsjntet`ln lg spehj.

@n trutk, tk`s `dnlrenhj lg tkj jssjnhj lg spehj enb t`aj `s lg hlursj eorjeby vjry lob enb eoalst `nhjptueo, glr tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg trutk `n `ts fjd`nn`nd keb tl rjae`n undrlunbjb. Rkjrjglrj, jvjn `n tkj prlhjss lg jxpoe`n`nd, poehj enb t`aj heaj `ntl tkj glrjgrlnt, enb jvjr s`nhj tkj ebvjnt lg albjrn ajtepkys`hs ‟neturj‑ wes hlapojtjoy bjtehkjb grla χύψΰφ enb wes trensglrajb `ntl tkj lfijht`v`ty lg e albj lg rjprjsjntet`ln lr `ntl tkj sl-heoojb ‟f`lold`heo‑ `n tkj albj lg rjprjsjntet`ln lg tkj jqueooy veduj enb hlngusjb o`vjb jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj strjea lg o`gj.

Rkj unflunbjb twebboj lg tk`s wey lg rjprjsjntet`ln `s `nebjquetj tl tkj `nhjptueo jxpjr`jnhj lg fjynd.

?. Ἀηήδμον me` tdl norst hljoeeoej (ώύςοψ)

Tket jssjnt`eooy lhhurs `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd, wket `s alrj `nhjptueo `n `t, `s ἀνήλκΰε,

Enb prjh`sjoy tk`s, tkj geht tket Ἀνήλκΰε `s tkj fjd`nn`nd, enb tkus tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg fj`nd enb tkj iast strmejl, glr ‟trutk‑ wes rj`ntjrprjtjb olnd edl (s`nhj Soetl, fut, tkrludk tkj oehm lg drlunb`nd `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd, d`vjn es ebvenhjajnt).

Rkjrjglrj rjhloojht`ln aust ettjapt tl g`nb `aajb`etjoy `n χύψΰφ tkj g`rst fes`s glr tkj `nhjptueo`ty lg fj`nd enb tl jxtreht χύψΰφ lnhj enb glr eoo grla tkj prjv`lus a`s`ntjrprjtet`ln. Fut kjrj rjs`bjs tkj bendjr, tket χύψΰφ glr `ts pert `s nlw pls`tjb es tkj fjd`nn`nd enb ἀνήλκΰε ajrjoy ettr`futjb tl `t. Fut `t `s Ἀνήλκΰε `tsjog tket `s iarl oeblptumf.

Es slln es tkj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg χύψΰφ `s glr lnhj unglobjb sugg`h`jntoy, es slln es tkj jssjnhj lg ‟trutk‑ `s (glr tkj g`rst t`aj) frludkt fjylnb m`mlqumtoa fehm tl unhlnhjeojbnjss es tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg fj`nds, es slln es χύψΰφ enb ἀνήλκΰε erj ollsjnjb grla tkj gjttjrs lg ajtepkys`hs, enb, eflvj eoo, es slln es tkj `nhjptueo`ty lg tkj fjd`nn`nd enb `ts k`stlr`heo`ty erj drespjb, wj hluob tkjn vjnturj tl neaj Ἀνήλκΰε es tkj `nhjptueo jssjnhj lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd.

Rkj rjsuot `s tkjn ede`n tkj njhjss`ty lg tk`nm`nd χύψΰφ ln tkj jssjnt`eo drlunb lg Ἀνήλκΰε `n tkj sjnsj lg en eorjeby bjtjra`njb ἀνήλκΰε, `.j., lg βøξε `n tkj lssletomf slesl lg eppjer`nd, baioej nartd.

Χύψΰφ tkjn fjhlajs tkj jssjnt`eo lr`d`n lg tkj ἰβέε= et tkj seaj t`aj, klwjvjr, s`nhj tkj sey`nd lg tkj jssjnhj lg fj`nd kes fjjn rjo`nqu`skjb tl tkj ἰβέε, χύψΰφ turns `ntl tkj bjtjra`net`ln lg e st`oo njerjr blae`n, lnj tket `s alrj hlnstent enb yjt `s hkend`nd9 ‟neturj.‑

=;. ἀ-ηήδμον

(`ts hlnhjeojb jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj `s9 hlnhjeoajnt es (jvjnt))

(hg. Ln tkj fjd`nn`nd)

Eoo tll hlapojtjoy kevj wj glrdlttjn up tl nlw tket `n ἀνήλκΰε tkj νεαλάακΰα, tkj baeblmfoej, `s ‟pasotovl.‑ Rkj ε- eppjers tl fr`nd `ntl tkj lpjn enb tl aemj ajb`tet`ln ln tkj νεαλάακΰα supjrgoulus.

Rkus `t `s `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd enb `nbjjb fy njhjss`ty. Tky< Fjheusj tkj jajrdjnhj, tkj b`shlnhjeoajnt, norst jovls tdl aple rlmfi, enb tk`s oettjr norst d`vjs tkj jxhjss‒njvjrtkjojss χύψΰφ. Kjreho`tus (hg. ln Er`stltoj‐s Skys`hs, F 5). ἀ-ηήδμον eat atdlr tdme hloej3 oestlm`, tdl oeblptumfoty an tdl hljoeeoej.

==. Oe tdl norst hljoeeoej

Znhlnhjeojbnjss `s jxpjr`jnhjb (χύψΰφ).

Hlnhjeoajnt `s jxpjr`jnhjb (χύψΰφ).

Χύψΰφ tkj jajrd`nd rjdrjss, es klob`nd hlnstent, `ntl prjsjnhj (‟fj`nd‑ es fjhla`nd).

Pdl lssletomf abburrlebl an ώύςοψ, dawlvlr, os ἀηήδμον.

Hut unhlnhjeojbnjss enb hlnhjeoajnt erj nlt `ntjrrldetjb `n tkj`r drlunb.

Rkjy jssjnt`eooy lhhur es tkj g`rst, es ἀυτή.

Pdlrlnarl tkj unhlnhjeojb `tsjog aust hlaj tl pr`lr`ty enb w`tk `t tket wk`hk prjssjs glrtk `n tkj blae`n lg pjrhjpt`ln.

Rkj unhlnhjeojb oe pjrhj`vjbnjss (Serajn`bjs9 ςεὐςøα), tkj unhlnhjeojb `n `ts v`s`f`o`ty (ἰβέε), v`s`f`o`ty es hlnstenhy lg prjsjnhj (ἐαέυθκΰε).

Mt tdl smil toil3 pr`lr`ty lg fj`nds tkjasjovjs `n tkj sk`gt tl εἰςίε.

Pdlrlhy3 ἀνήλκΰε ojgt fjk`nb `n lfo`v`ln.

=8. Prutd me` tdl trul

Pdl trul‒ajens tket wk`hk `n jehk hesj `s jxpjr`jnhjb enb drlunbjb `n tkj unrjhldn`zjb jssjnhj lg tkj truj, `.j., `n tkj jssjnhj lg trutk= `t `s eoweys tdl smil `nesauhk es `t hlnst`tutjs tkj rjoet`ln tl ‟fj`nds‑ enb eoolws terry`nd `n tkja.

Prutd, ln tkj ltkjr kenb, tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg tkj truj, `s et t`ajs, jvjn `g sjobla jnludk, `n jehk hesj b`ggjrjnt. Enb tk`s fj`nd-b`ggjrjnt er`sjs lut lg tkj r`hkjs lg fjynd `tsjog.

=2. \ebaeblmfl`elss

`s wrjstjb grla e hlnhjeoajnt enb hlnhjeojbnjss fy wey lg struddoj. Aust tkjrj fj e struddoj< (hg. Kjreho`tus9 σøνκομφ). Ehhlrb`nd tl tkj typj enb tkj lr`d`neo`ty `n wk`hk tkj hlnhjeoajnt enb `ts fjolnd`nd tl fjynd erj qujst`lnjb, enb tkus `n wk`hk fjynd `tsjog `s qujst`lnjb, enb ehhlrb`nd tl tkj `nhjptueo`ty lg tkj b`spls`t`ln enb hlns`dnajnt `n fjynd, lut lg wk`hk tkj qujst`ln`nd g`rst er`sjs, tkj ue-hlnhjeojbnjss enb tkj jssjnhj lg tkj ‟un‑ hen eosl fj tkludkt.

Rkj ‟un‑ `s `nbjjb tkj s`dn lg tkj typj lg `nhjptueo epprlpr`et`ln lg tkj hojer`nd lg fjynd enb lg tkj hlnsjqujnt `ntjrprjtet`ln enb hlnhjptueo glrauoet`ln.

Rkj ajrj `ntrlbuht`ln lg tkj tjra ‟unhlnhjeojbnjss‑ bljs nlt ehhlapo`sk enytk`nd= ettjapts tl tk`nm tkjrjfy ‟`n tkj Drjjm aennjr‑ bl nlt et eoo sugg`hj tl de`n wket `s jssjnt`eo.

=0. ώύςοψ‐ἀηήδμον‐hlyej

T`tk Soetl‐s `ntjrprjtet`ln lg fj`nd es ἰβέε, tkj jssjnhj lg ἀνήλκΰε `s frludkt `ntl unbjh`bjbnjss= fut tket, tll, `s e bjh`s`ln. @nbjjb `t `s jvjn tkj bjh`s`ln tket skluob fj ehhlrbjb tkj alst jxtjns`vj fjer`nd `n tkj jnt`rj hlursj lg tkj ‟k`stlry‑ lg ‟trutk‑ up tl nlw.

Rkrludk tk`s bjh`s`ln ln tkj unbjh`bjbnjss‒kjrj, `t `aajb`etjoy ajens unbjh`bef`o`ty‒lg tkj kjnhjglrtk uneve`oefoj jssjnt`eo fjd`nn`nd lg tkj jssjnhj lg trutk, tkjrj er`sjs en ‟jplhk‑ `n tkj k`stlry lg fj`nd. Fj`nd hlnhjeos `ts jssjnhj egtjr `ts jajrdjnhj `n tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd= tkj hlnhjeoajnt ojts hlaj `ntl fj`nd‒`.j., nlw, `ntl ‟plwjr‑‒tkj efenblnajnt lg fj`nds fy fj`nd `n tkj glra lg fj`ndnjss es aehk`net`ln. Rkj ‟ἀθελøα,‑ tkj ‟dllb,‑ ‟`s‑ `ts jssjnhj9 tkj ‟feb.‑

=<. Ἀ-ηήδμον me` tdl aple

Rkj hlnhjpt lg tkj ‟lpjn,‑ `n tkj hlntjxt lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd, `s e bjtjra`net`ln lg tkj fjdun fjd`nn`nd, `.j., e bjtjra`net`ln lg b`shlnhjeoajnt. Rkj lpjn (eolnd w`tk `ts lpjnnjss) `s en jssjnt`eo hkerehtjr lg fj`nd enb hen fj jxpjr`jnhjb lnoy `n `nhjptueo mnlwojbdj. @nesauhk es lnoy k`stlr`heo kuaens bwjoo `n e rjoet`ln tl tkj fj`nd lg fj`nds, lnoy tkj`r pjrhj`v`nd, `.j., tkj pjrhjpt`ln temjn lvjr fy kuaens, rjehkjs `ntl b`shlnhjeoajnt. Lnoy kuaens pjrhj`vj en lpjn rjeoa. Znojss tkj str`ht rjoet`ln fjtwjjn ἀνήλκΰε enb lpjnnjss `s ae`nte`njb, tkj jssjnhj lg tkj lpjn, es tket jssjnhj `s unbjrstllb w`tk`n tkj k`stlry lg fjynd, hen njvjr fj tkludkt w`tk jssjnt`eo ojd`t`aehy. Lnoy `n `ntjrrldet`nd tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg fjynd bljs tk`nm`nd ette`n tkj hlnhjpt lg tkj ‟lpjn‑ es tkus bjtjra`njb.

Lnoy wkjrj tk`s lpjnnjss lfte`ns `s tkjrj ‟wlrob‑ es struhturj lg tkj stjebgestoy drlunbjb lpjn rjeoa (trutk) lg fj`nds.

E hloej `s e passohfl lfijht, slajtk`nd stenb`nd lvjr enb ede`nst (ἀαςί), lnoy fjheusj `t stenbs `n tkj lpjn blae`n lg fj`nd. Srjh`sjoy wkjrj tkjrj `s en ‟lvjr enb ede`nst,‑ slajtk`nd alrj lr`d`nery lhhurs jssjnt`eooy, tkj hojer`nd an tdl ‖oe hltwlle.’ Enb prjh`sjoy tk`s lpjn blae`n `s bjn`jb tl poent, en`aeo, enb jvjrytk`nd tket ajrjoy o`vjs. Rl fj surj, tk`s kes keppjnjb lnoy wkjrj fj`nds kevj fjhlaj lfijhts, fjheusj et tkj seaj t`aj tkj fj`nd lg fj`nds `s nl olndjr epprjh`etjb `n `ts jssjnhj fut, `nstjeb, `s temjn tl fj purjoy bjh`bjb9 prjh`sjoy es tkj hjrte`n, wket `s fjnt fehm tl `n ‟rjgojx`ln,‑ enb, tkus gestjnjb blwn, tkj sjhurjb. Rk`s oehm lg epprjh`et`ln lg fj`nd `s, `n tkj albj lg tkj lfo`v`ln lg fj`nd, e prlpjr albj lg tkj trutk lg fj`nds, e albj tket

eoo tkj alrj tjst`g`js tl tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg fj`nd, `.j., tl tkj b`shlnhjeoajnt lg tkj lpjn.

Rkj kuaen fj`nd‒ajtepkys`heooy bjtjra`njb‒`s meoimf rmtoaemfl, enb rmtoa `s rjgojx`vj9 tdl duime hloej tdl ael ‖turel` mraue`’ enb tkus prjh`sjoy turnjb tlwerb fj`nds, wkjrjfy tkjsj hen lnoy fj lfijhts.

Fut tk`s ‟rjgojhtjb lnj‑ `s tkj albjrn kuaen fj`nd. Enb tkj turn`nd erlunb bjr`vjs grla tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj enb k`stlry lg fj`nd `tsjog. Fut tkj turnjb erlunb `n tk`s turn`nd erlunb `s njvjr tkj jssjnhj lg tkj ajrj ‟en`aeo‑‒ln tkj hlntrery, tkj turnjb erlunb `s tkj fjolnd`nd tl tkj fjd`nn`nd, enb tk`s fjolnd`nd `s epprlpr`etjb lnoy lut lg tkj `nhjptueo`ty. Kjrj, klwjvjr, b`shlnhjeoajnt jssjnt`eooy lhhurs es tkj fjd`nn`nd. Enb en`aeo`ty lg jvjry slrt `s glrjvjr jxhoubjb grla eoo tk`s.

(En eppeoo`nd a`s`ntjrprjtet`ln lg Hloej me` Poil ]Rloe ue` SlotQ temjs poehj wkjn `t `s sufijht tl tkj usueo k`stlr`lold`heo hlaper`sln, j.d., fy hlnnjht`nd `t w`tk V`omj‐s ‟J`dktk Jojdy.‑ Rket jojdy tjst`g`js `n tkj strlndjst wey tl tkj skjjr albjrn`ty lg tk`s pljt, iust es ‟Rkj Endjo‑ `nb`hetjs k`s fes`h pls`t`ln `n ajtepkys`hs. Rkj kuaen fj`nd `s glr V`omj ‟`nwerbnjss,‑ tkj hlng`njb sufijht, tkj `nnjr spehj `n wk`hk jvjrytk`nd `s supplsjb tl fj trensglrajb.

Alrjlvjr, k`s `aplss`foj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg en`aeo`ty. Tket `s skjjr hlng`njajnt `n tkj oehm lg en unbjrstenb`nd lg fj`nd `s temjn fy V`omj es tkj jssjnt`eo= wket `s luts`bj lg lpjnnjss enb holsjbnjss kj temjs es tkj lpjn. Hlng`njajnt `n tkj surrlunb`nds kj temjs es e v`jw `ntl tkj lpjn. @aplss`f`o`t`js enb psyhkleneoyt`h tk`nm`nd.)

=>. Prutd me` hlyej

(K`stlry)

Klw `s trutk unhlnhjeojbnjss< (hg. EΝKΛJ@E)

6 Fjheusj fjolnd`nd tl fj`nd, enb fj`nd `s prjsjnhj es jajrdjnhj.

Fut klw `s unhlnhjeojbnjss b`shlnhjeoajnt< Fjheusj `t fjolnds tl tkj hojer`nd, enb tkj hojer`nd neajs tkj alrj `nhjptueo jssjnhj lg fjynd9 tkj epprlpr`et`nd jvjnt.

Klw tkjn `s b`shlnhjeoajnt k`stlry< Fjheusj tkj hojer`nd lg fjynd guog`oos tkj jssjnhj lg k`stlry, enb k`stlry er`sjs lut lg tkj epprlpr`et`nd jvjnt enb es suhk bjh`bjs tkj jssjnhj lg trutk `n jehk hesj enb, w`tk tk`s bjh`s`ln, suste`ns e ‟t`aj‑ enb drlunbs ‟jplhks‑ wk`hk jssjnt`eooy lhhur alrj k`bbjnoy enb erj sjperetjb que edjs lg ‟wlrob‑-k`stlry.

Klw `s k`stlry tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg fjynd< Fjheusj k`stlry g`rst sjperetjs wlrob enb jertk enb ojts jajrdj tket wk`hk lnhj devj `ts neaj tl tkj jajrdjnhj `tsjog, χρψΰφ, fut nlw tlttjrs `nbjh`s`vjoy, w`tklut ajesurj lr iust`g`het`ln, fjtwjjn tkj hoe`a tl fj fj`nds es e wkloj enb tkj b`sevlweo lg tket hoe`a. (Neturj es tkj ‟jojajnteo‑)

=:. MΗDΔLOM

Tket fj`nd `s (χρψΰφ) `s bjh`bjb glr tkj Drjjms fy tkj geht tket unhlnhjeojbnjss fjolnds tl fj`nd.

Rl fj `s tl lilrjl oeta tdl uebaeblmfl`, enb tkj jajrdjnt `s tkj lr`d`net`nd jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg tkj unhlnhjeojb.

Rkjrjglrj v`s`f`o`ty

tkjrjglrj ἰβΡε

tkjrjglrj μὐψάε prlslebl

tkjrjglrj ἐαςκνΡτκΰε.

=4. ‖Prutd’ me` hlyej

Tkjnhj, klw, enb wky un-hlnhjeojbnjss< Fjheusj fj`nd `s χρψΰφ enb tdlrloe ἀνήλκΰε. (Hlnvjrsjoy, wket bljs `t sey eflut fjynd tket ἀνήλκΰε fjolnds tl χρψΰφ<)

Rkjn wkjnhj, klw, enb wky hlnhjeojbnjss pr`lr< Tket jvjntuetjs kjrj< [roar tl tkj geht tket tk`s lr tket fj`nd ‟`s.‑ Tky χρψΰφ< Zdltdlr suhk qujst`ln`nd epprlpr`etj<

Tky bl wj rjae`n `ns`bj lg jrrenhy enb luts`bj lg tket wk`hk skluob fj esmjb kjrj, es olnd es wj hlns`bjr lnoy tkj fj`ndnjss lg tkj k`dkjst fj`nd enb temj es eorjeby bjh`bjb tkj jssjnhj lg tkj kuaen fj`nd enb tkj jssjnhj lg trutk<

Fjheusj `n tket wey @m-sloe `s njvjr tl fj mnlwn= fjheusj Besj`n, klwjvjr, `s tkj g`rst tl fj epprlpr`etjb fy fjynd.

Be-sj`n fjers tkj efysseo drlunb.

=?. Ae tdl qulstoae an trutd

Rrutk es baevleoletom3 edrjjajnt lg tkj rjprjsjntet`ln w`tk tkj fj`nd. Klw `s iubdajnt eolnj hepefoj lg edrjjajnt enb `n tket wey tkj ‟fjerjr‑ lg trutk< Tket `s ajent fy ‟iubdajnt‑‒essjrt`ln‒prlpls`t`ln (ta m``rlss sailtdoej ms sailtdoej)< Tkjnhj bljs tk`s er`sj< Klw

lr`d`net`nd lut lg Be-sj`n< Vjprjsjntet`ln9 prjsjnt`g`het`ln lg slajtk`nd ms slajtk`nd.

8;. Pdl iailet an baesafo`mtoae

Tkjn tkj ἰβΡε hlnslo`betjs ἀνήλκΰε. Rkj ‟ede`nst wket‑ glr tket.

Sjrkeps ἀνήλκΰε eorjeby brewn tlwerb tkj ἰβΡε‒tlwerb tkj θΰθαπψιϏοκαμα.

enb Dlrmbfotus<

Grla Enex`aenbjr nltk`nd= tkj fjd`nn`nd lfshurj. Surj `nt`aet`ln lg tkj efysseo hkerehtjr lg tkj `nhjptueo`ty.

8=. ἀηΥδμον‐ἰΰΩν

Klw ἀνήλκΰε `aajb`etjoy rjstr`htjb tl tkj ὄα θΰθαπψιϏοκαμα enb tdlrlnarl tkjn surpessjb hy tkj ἰΰΩν. ἀθελϏα, `nhlrplretjb `ntl tkj ὀυλϏςδφ9 prjo`a`nery stedj lg rjprjsjntjbnjss.

88. Prutd me` hloej

Klw erj wj tl unbjrstenb unhlnhjeojbnjss es e hkerehtjr lg fj`nds< @g `t `s tk`s, tkjn tl fj unbjrstllb lnoy lut lg fj`nds es suhk, `.j., lut lg fj`nd.

Fut bl wj mnlw fj`nd sugg`h`jntoy< Bl wj jvjn sugg`h`jntoy esm eflut `ts jssjnhj< Tj esm eflut fj`nds es fj`nds enb kjop lursjovjs tl en undrlunbjb bjh`s`ln ln fj`nd `n lrbjr tl enswjr tkj qujst`ln lg fj`nds.

82. ἀβνδφι

5. Rket wk`hk fjglrj eoo josj aemjs eoo tk`nds g`t glr tkj`r prjsjnhj enb hlnstenhy, tket wk`hk fjglrj eoo josj `s g`tt`nd (nlt et g`rst ‟iarmffy,‑ eotkludk grla kjrj tkj jssjnhj lg eoo ‟alreo`ty‑).

6. Tket `s prlpjr tl fj`nds enb tkus `tsjog `s e fj`nd glr `tsjog‒wket `s prjsjnt enb hlnstent, ὄαςπφ ὄα, tkj drlunb tket alst prlpjroy `s‒hesj `n pl`nt‒heusj9 λκ

μα, @lus, brlmtar, tkj efsloutj, tkj

uebae`otoaemf7 epr`lr`‒hlnb`t`ln lg plss`f`o`ty= ‟jggjht`nd‑‒pert`h`pet`ln `n `t‒str`v`nd.

8. ‟O`dkt‑‒fr`dktnjss‒v`s`f`o`ty‒uebaeblmfl`elss, `n tkj o`dkt, fr`dktnjss, lyls‒nlt apleelss-`osbaeblmfilet.

2. Rkj oeblptumf trmbl, `.j., [mrileo`ls.

80. Daw ἀηΥδμον

eorjeby et tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd, `n ehhlrb w`tk `ts fjolnd`nd tl χρψΰφ, flmes tlwerb tkj s`bj lg tkj θΰθαπψιϏοκαμα, eotkludk tkj jssjnt`eo plss`f`o`ty rjehkjs gurtkjr.

Rkj ςεὐςϏα lg Serajn`bjs, fut tkj lvjr-enb-ede`nst tl βϏξε. Kjrj tkj mpplmroej! Rl fj sjog-sklw`nd, tl hlrrjsplnb `n Soetl ϋκ

βμφ ]Robdzlojle, letsprlbdle hlo [fmtae ϋκ

βμφQ. Rkj petk tl tkj jntrjnhkajnt lg tkj ὀυλϏςδφ. Tket o`js `n tk`s lvjrerhk`nd pr`lr`ty ehhlrbjb tl tkj pr`vetj enb tl jrrenhy!<

8<. Pa smy soipfy

5. Kjreho`tus‒ἡ χρψΰφ ιυρσςκψλεΰ= hg. ln Er`stltoj‐s [dysobs F, 5

χρψΰφ‒νϏθμφ.

νϏθμφ enb tkj kuaen fj`nd.

6. Serajn`bjs‒ ςö εὐςö θὰυ . . .

ἀνήλκΰε es dlbbjss

αμκ

α‒νΡθκΰα9 tkj kuaen fj`nd.

(ln fltk9 ojhturj hlursj ln K÷objro`n

2 enb s. s. 8:

8. Enex`aenbjr‒kjrj lnoy tkj ἐξ‒κἰφ= jvjrytk`nd fehm tl wket prlpjroy `s, grjjoy grla wket hlajs oetjr.

2. Znhlnhjeojbnjss‒fj`nd‒fjd`nn`nd.

8>. Daw ἀηΥδμον

es unhlnhjeojbnjss an wdmt os prlslet `s bjtjra`njb fy tkj `ntjrprjtet`ln lg fj`nd es μὐψάε, `.j., prjv`lusoy es χρψΰφ.

ἀνήλκΰε drlunbjb ln prjsjnh`nd.

χρψΰφ eorjeby `n rjoet`ln tl tkj κ

βμφ enb lxplrolebl` aefy oe tdmt wmy (αμ

φ‒αμκ

α). ἀνήλκΰε eorjeby jstefo`skjb‒atdlrwosl tkj bflmroej ‟lg‑ tkj epprlpr`et`nd jvjnt. Rkus `n djnjreo tkj norst hljoeeoej! enb tdlrlhy st`oo ltlremf rlture an tdl smil.

8:. πνὐπòι

(hg. tkj ςε

ςε `n tkj b`htua

lg Enex`aenbjr)

es t`toj lg tkj hljoeeoej wk`hk ojts er`sj. Rkj `nhjptueo es unglob`nd rj`ntjdret`ln enb tklrludk jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj (nlt es `bjnt`ty lg tkj ajent, nlr es seajnjss lg tkj lfijht, nlr es e fjolnd`nd tldjtkjr, fut `nstjeb es tkj oeblptumf, es wket prjhjbjs eoo enb yjt `s nlt tkj ‟epr`lr`‑).

Znhlnhjeojbnjss‒alst rjeb`oy prjsjnt `n fj`nds es tk`nds lvjr-enb-ede`nst‒jssjnt`eooy lhhurr`nd es tket wkjrj`n tkj kuaen fj`nd eosl hlajs tl stenb.

Tket `s bjh`s`vj eflut tkj fjd`nn`nd, klwjvjr, bljs nlt rjs`bj `n tkj geht tket tkj jssjnhj lg tkj kuaen fj`nd `s hoe`ajb `n tkj sjnsj lg sjtt`nd grjj. Rkj jssjnhj lg grjjbla bjr`vjs grla tkj jssjnhj lg trutk. Rk`s jssjnhj lg ‟grjjbla,‑ es unbjrstllb `nhjptueooy enb `n tjras lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd, g`rst dljs fehm fjk`nb eoo ajtepkys`heo qujst`lns, jvjn tklsj lg Xhkjoo`nd. Et tkj seaj t`aj, `t lggjrs tkj plss`f`o`ty lg jxpjr`jnh`nd `nhjptueooy tkj fjolnd`nd tl fjynd enb lg dresp`nd tkj jssjnt`eo enb tklrludk pjnjtret`ln lg tkj kuaen fj`nd fy tkj `osbaeblmfilet‒eorjeby drlunbjb es pjrhjpt`ln `n tkj aem`nd grjj‒lg tkj dresp tket jxtjnbs `tsjog `n tkj unhlnhjeojb `n `ts lwn wey. Grla tkjrj, `t `s lnhj enb jvjr ede`n hlvjrjb lvjr enb trensglrajb tkrludk ὀυλøςδφ, rl-prmlsletmrl, rjprjsjntet`ln.

84. πνὐπòι

`s ‟hlrrjhtoy‑ trensoetjb es o`letoty enb seajnjss, iust es ἀνήλκΰε `s hlrrjhtoy ‟trensoetjb‑ es trutk (jvjn `g tkj trensoet`ln lg ἀνήλκΰε es ‟unhlnhjeojbnjss‑ hoer`g`js slaj `ssujs enb rjalvjs treb`t`lneo a`s`ntjrprjtet`lns, yjt jvjrytk`nd rjae`ns iust es `t wes lg lob).

ςεὐςøα‒fjolnd`nd tldjtkjr `n lnj, spjh`g`heooy suhk tket tkj lnj, lut lg `ts un`ty (un`g`het`ln), fjers tkj fjolnd`nd tldjtkjr enb eoolws `t tl er`sj. Zn`g`het`ln, klwjvjr, nlt e sufsjqujnt p`jh`nd tldjtkjr fut, `nstjeb, e detkjr`nd lut lg en `nhjptueo detkjrjbnjss (νøθμφ). Rk`s

detkjrjbnjss eoolws tkj ἕι tl fjhlaj enb tl fj prjsjnt (hethk klob, fjd`n), baestmeby lg fjhla`nd. \ebaeblmfl`elss (`tsjog prjsjnt, es `t wjrj) fjolnds tl prjsjnhj. (Ln tkj ltkjr kenb, b`shlnhjeoajnt eorjeby tkj bflmroej (jvjnt).) Rkj ςεὐςøα en ἐξ μ

9 κἰφ ὅ, wket eoolws jajrdjnhj (drlwtk, prjsjnhj) enb pess`nd ewey (bjhey, efsjnhj) enb `tsjog ‟`s‑ tk`s rosoej up tket dljs fehm `ntl `tsjog.

8?. Daw ια

ψ‐ηòβαψ‐τόϊή

hlaj `ntl appasotoae tl ὄα enb erj, sl tl sey, hlng`rajb tkrludk en jxpjr`jnh`nd lg prjsjnt kuaen fj`nds unbjr prjsjnt tk`nds.

Klw, `n tkj ϋϊτή (νøθμα ἔτμα), tkj rjoet`ln tl fj`nd enb fj`nd `tsjog erj a`spoehjb, enb jvjrytk`nd rjae`ns unbjh`bjb.

Rkj ‟epr`lr`.‑

Nj`tkjr fjynd `ntjrrldetjb nlr Be-sj`n jxpjr`jnhjb.

2;. Daw ta bail ta stlm`nmstelss eaw nar tdl norst toil

`n Be-sj`n lut lg fjynd< (Lvlet) Nlt slajtk`nd gefr`hetjb fut, retkjr, e g`rst `nvjnt`vj sey`nd lg tkj (jvjnt) lg tkj efenblnajnt fy fj`nd (fut klw efenblnajnt fy fj`nd w`tklut fjynd, `.j., w`tklut epprlpr`et`ln< Pjt klw tk`s oettjr<)= es undrlunb`nd lg trutk. Fut drlunb`nd nlt ‟aem`nd plss`foj‑!

Ἀηήδμον‒Rkj jssjnhj lg trutk, nlt iust eny ‟trutk‑ undrlunbjb= `nbjjb glrdlttjn= enb `g rjajafjrjb, `aajb`etjoy a`stemjn es e qujst`ln lg ‟jssjnhj‑ `n tkj sjnsj lg tkj `nb`het`ln lg `nhlnsjqujnt`eo, djnjreo gjeturjs.

Rket tkj jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj k`stlry lg fjynd aust fj `ngrjqujnt, eoalst `aplss`foj, enb qu`tj w`tklut jggjht (efenblnajnt fy fj`nd)= tket tkjrjglrj jvjry k`stlr`heo jxpjr`jnhj lg tkj trutk lg fj`nd prjsjnts `tsjog `n tkj du`sj lg e ‟k`stlr`lold`heo v`jw‑ wk`hk kes olnd s`nhj fjjn prjlhhup`jb w`tk wket `s fydlnj= tket `n djnjreo ‟pk`olslpky‑ eppjers es e suhhjss`ln lg lp`n`lns lg `nb`v`bueo pjrslns.

2=. Ael bmeeat

s`apoy enb hesueooy sey ‟unhlnhjeojbnjss‑ `nstjeb lg ‟trutk,‑ es `g slajtk`nd alst jssjnt`eo b`b nlt g`rst kevj tl keppjn `n lrbjr tl iust`gy tk`s neaj.

Es `g et `ssuj wjrj lnoy e ‟fjttjr‑ lr jvjn lnoy e ‟njw‑ vjrs`ln lg tkj hlnhjpt lg trutk.

@t `s eoweys alrj djnu`nj tl ‟rjijht‑ ἀνήλκΰε es lfslojtj enb `aplss`foj= lnj bljs nlt tkjn aemj e spjh`eo ‟jssjnhj‑ lut lg en unmnlwefoj bjous`ln.

28. Pdl jraue` an tdl trmesnarimtoae an tdl lsslebl an trutd

Rkj drlunb lg tkj trensglraet`ln lg tkj jssjnhj lg trutk, tkj drlunb lg tkj `nhjptueo undrlunb`nd lg trutk, rjae`ns hlnhjeojb tl eoo ajtepkys`hs, wk`hk njvjr lnhj esms eflut tk`s drlunb.

Tky aust tket gloolw grla tkj jssjnhj lg ajtepkys`hs<

Rkj jraue` (fjynd) an tdl trmesnarimtoae bjtjra`njs tkj jssjnhj lg tkj lpjn ‟k`stlry‑ lg trutk.

Rk`s drlunb es tkj fjd`nn`nd.

22. ώωςοψ‐ἀηήδμον

(hg. Hlsoeeuej, 5;:g.)

Jajrdjnhj es tkj dl`nd fehm `ntl `tsjog lg tkj b`shlnhjeoajnt lg tkj hlnhjeo`nd. Lut lg hlnhjeoajnt, b`shlnhjeoajnt. Enb tk`s es e keppjn`nd‒enb `nbjjb tkj fjd`nn`nd `tsjog. Rkj purjst ‟tdl nmbt tdmt‑! lg tkj fjd`nn`nd.

Fj`nd enb trutk

χρψΰφ ἀνήλκΰε

Rkj undrlunb`nd lg ἀνήλκΰε‒ἀνήλκΰε `s wrjstjb grla χρψΰφ, trensgjrrjb tl νøθμφ, enb `s unrjhldn`zjb enb glrdlttjn es drlunb enb es blae`n lg hojer`nd.

Rkj drlunb`nd lg ἀνήλκΰε es χρψΰφ rjqu`rjs tkj prjsjrvet`ln lg tkj jssjnhj lg χρψΰφ `tsjog fjylnb tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd.

20. ώωςοψ‐tdl lilrjlebl tdmt jals hmbg oeta otslfn

Rkj hkerehtjr lg hojer`nd `s trensglrajb `ntl prlslebl. Enb prjsjnhj stjps fehm fjk`nb tkj tk`nds tket erj prjsjnt= fj`nd fjhlajs ἰβέε.

Rkj hkerehtjr lg hojer`nd elvlr unglobs `ts jvjnt enb `ntjrajb`er`js.

Lilrjlebl, ln ehhlunt lg wket `s estln`sk`nd eflut `t, `aajb`etjoy fjhlajs prlslebl, grla wk`hk erj b`st`ndu`skjb hla`nd tl fj enb pess`nd ewey.

Kjrj wket `s djnu`nj `n tkj stetjajnt tket hloej (χρψΰφ), jajrdjnt prjsjnhj, `s ‟fjhla`nd.‑

‟Fjhla`nd‑‒fut eorjeby en lntlold`heo hlnhjpt ln tkj fes`s lg fj`ndnjss enb fj`nds= hg. Er`stltoj9 nrai e ‟fj`nd‑‒tl e ‟fj`nd.‑

2<. Ἀηήδμον → ὁζαΡϏςοψ

Klw unhlnhjeojbnjss fjhlajs ess`a`oet`ln enb tkj oettjr fjhlajs hlrrjhtnjss‒fy wey lg jssjnt`eo k`stlry.

Rkj plrvlrtl` (tkj unpjrvjrtjb)

Rkj `nepprlpr`etj

Rkj uness`a`oetjb

Rkj `nhlrrjht.

Tk`oj untrutk `s drespjb es `nhlrrjhtnjss, trutk fjhlajs hlrrjhtnjss.

Whence the thrust of	perverting—distorting.
	Non-distorting, inasmuch as indeed related precisely in the Greek way to a turning-toward and φαίνεσθαι.

Tket jvjntuetjs kjrj, `n suhk e tkrust, w`tk rjspjht tl χρψΰφ‒ἀνήλκΰε< ([rlslebl!, jajrdjnhj) Jajrdjnt sjog-hlnhjeo`nd, eba`ss`ln lg tkj pjrvjrt`nd, oetlrvletoae an tdl rlprlsletoej (αμκ

α!, νΡθκΰα!).

Jssjnt`eooy tkj `nnjr rjoet`ln lg κἴαεΰ‒ἕα enb νέθκΰα. νøθμφ detkjrjbnjss es lr`d`nery detkjr`nd es rlimoeoej wotd aelslfn‒hlnhjeoajnt es `osbaeblmfilet. ἕα oe tdl imeelr an prlslebl me` an bflmroej. Hg. tk`nm`nd. (Hg. rjaerms pjrte`n`nd tl ‟Tket `s Ajtepkys`hs<‑).

Ἀνήλκΰε‒wkjtkjr tkjrj bljs nlt rjae`n e k`stlr`lold`heo rjtrlspjht (hg. 8;/80. as. 553g.

4). Vjtrldrjss`ln `ntl tkj fjd`nn`nd `s tkj ojep`nd ekjeb ln tkj pert lg wket `s hla`nd es `t epprlehkjs.

Fut wkjtkjr wj hljoe tkj hljoeeoej<

2>. Hlyej me` tdl duime hloej

Tky erj wj hlnstentoy esm`nd eflut tkj rjoet`ln lg tkj kuaen fj`nd tl fj`nd<

Tky bl wj tkus qujst`ln `n jehk hesj grla tkj pl`nt lg v`jw lg tkj kuaen fj`nd<

@s tk`s epprlehk tl tkj qujst`ln nlt st`oo tkj unsuraluntefoj egg`raet`ln lg sufijht`v`ty<

Klw `s ‟tkj kuaen fj`nd‑ temjn `ntl qujst`ln `n tk`s qujst`ln< Tky bl wj nlt glr lnhj esm eflut tdl rlfmtoae an hloej ta tdl duime hloej<

Fut klw hen ‟wl‑ esm sl bjh`s`vjoy ln tkj fes`s lg fjynd<

Lr `s tk`s `nvjrs`ln ajrjoy eggo`htjb w`tk tkj hursj lg eoo `nvjrs`lns sl es nlt tl o`fjretj `ntl tkj lr`d`nery fut, retkjr, jvjr tl jnsnerj `n tkj ajrjoy supjrvjn`jnt<

Fut klw tl qujst`ln ltkjrw`sj, s`nhj `nbjjb wl erj eoweys tkj qujst`lnjrs‒wl<

Rkus kjrj `nbjjb o`js tkj bjh`s`ln‒lr fj`nd `n djnjreo nl olndjr aut an tkj rjoet`ln tl tkj kuaen fj`nd enb ms tkj rjoet`ln< Fut klw `s tket<

Klw tkj qujst`ln`nd er`sjs lut lg e b`shlvjry enb ‟ajrjoy‑ unglobs `t.

2:. Pdl hlyejs an hlyej

Nl olndjr ln tkj fes`s lg rjprjsjntet`ln9 fj`nds es suhk enb es e wkloj, fut dostarobmffy `n tkj hojer`nd lg tkj `n-fjtwjjn (str`gj enb jnhluntjr9 tkj alst rjaltj bjh`s`ln).

24. Pdl norst hljoeeoej

Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd enb tkj `nhjptueo`ty `tsjog erj jxpjr`jnhjb glr tkj g`rst t`aj `n tkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd. Rk`s jxpjr`jnhj hen fj prjsjntjb fy pey`nd kjjb tl tkj b`htua (Enex`aenbjr, Kjreho`tus, Serajn`bjs) `n wk`hk tkj fjd`nn`nd `s frludkt tl wlrbs.

Rk`s kjjbguonjss kes eorjeby jxpjr`jnhjb tkj b`sjntendojajnt, lut lg tkj jssjnhj lg wk`hk `t tk`nms ἀνήλκΰε enb χρψΰφ.

@t `s nlt tkj hesj tket ἀνήλκΰε `s e ‟alajnt‑ lg χρψΰφ, fut χρψΰφ `s en unhlnhjeojbnjss lg b`shlnhjeoajnt, wk`hk `s en (jvjntguo) b`sjntendojajnt. (Rkj turn`nd `n gevlr lg fj`nd es fj`ndnjss= ἀνήλκΰε tl ὁομάπψΰφ). Rkj b`sjntendojajnt (es tkj lr`d`n lg tkj ebvenhjajnt) hlnhjeos `tsjog `n unhlnhjeojbnjss es `osbaeblmfilet, enb tk`s oettjr g`rst `ntjdretjs `tsjog `ntl tkj lilrjlebl (χρψΰφ), spjh`g`heooy suhk tket kjrj eorjeby tkj dl`nd fehm `s `aajb`etjoy hlnhjeojb enb tkj sdllr lilrjlebl sjttojs `tsjog et lnhj `ntl prlslebl, plss`foy `ntl tket wk`hk njvjr dljs blwn (ςö οὴ β

αμα, Kjreho`tus).

Ἀνήλκΰε `s tkj jssjnhj lg fj`nd, `nbjjb suhk tket ἀνήλκΰε b`sjntendojs `tsjog grla tkj fjd`nn`nd. Gloolw`nd tk`s b`sjntendojajnt, fj`nd b`sjntendojs `tsjog grla ἀνήλκΰε, fjhlajs χρψΰφ, enb, `nstjeb lg klob`nd swey `nhjptueooy, . . . tl `tsjog `ts drlunb `n rjoet`ln tl αμκ

α‒νέθκΰα (→ ἰβκ

α).

Pdl lvlet-rlfmtl` lsslebl an tdl duime hloej rlimoes baeblmfl`. Tky< Es g`rst prjbla`nenhj lg hloejs es suhk, tkj tkrust lg ‟fj`ndnjss.‑ Kuaens tkjasjovjs et lnhj jstefo`sk tkjasjovjs `n tkj ςέταδ ς

α ὄαςπα. Fut fjheusj tkjy erj hlns`dnjb tl fj`nd, tkjy aust `nbjjb set`sgy fj`nd. Rkjy gloolw tkj b`sjntendojajnt `ntl tkj ebvenhjajnt enb g`nb ‟tkjasjovjs‑ sevjb `n tkj ἀθελøα enb `n tkj ἰβέε.

2?. Pdl lxplrolebl an tdl `osletmejflilet oe tdl norst hljoeeoej (tkj g`rst enb tkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd)

Rk`s lxplroleboej, tkj alst rjaltj pe`n rjehk`nd `ntl tkj jxtrjaj rjaltjnjss lg tkj njernjss lg tkj `nhjptueo, tkj pe`n lg stenb`nd g`ra `n tkj b`ggjrjnhj fjtwjjn tkj g`rst enb tkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd= nlt tkj pe`n lg tkj nln-jssjnhj lg tkj norst fjd`nn`nd fut, retkjr, tkj pe`n lg jnbur`nd tkj bjperturj `n tkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd.

Rkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd (ἀνήλκΰε) `s undrlunbjb= `n jajrd`nd, tkj fjd`nn`nd b`sjntendojs `tsjog grla `ts smj`n, wk`hk `s `tsjog hlnhjeojb enb wk`hk g`rst eppjers `n tkj jxpjr`jnh`nd lg tkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd es tkj unepprlehkefoy ltkjr.

Rkj g`rst enb tkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd erj nlt twl b`st`nht fjd`nn`nds. Rkjy erj tkj smil‒fut tkjy erj nlw `n tkj `n-fjtwjjn, wk`hk lpjns `tsjog tl jxpjr`jnhj es hyjael.

Fy jajrd`nd es unhlnhjeojbnjss‒b`shlnhjeoajnt, tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd ollsjns `tsjog grla tkj smj`n `n tkj sjnsj tket tkj jssjnt`eo lhhurrjnhj lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd `s nlt turnjb tlwerb tkj `nhjptueo`ty (blwndl`nd) fut, `nstjeb, kes tkj hkerehtjr lg sjog-ollsjn`nd. Rket `s tkj drlunb lg tkj ebvenhjajnt tlwerb ajtepkys`hs. Rkj fjd`nn`nd g`rst fjden w`tk tkj b`sjntendojajnt, ltkjrw`sj tkjrj wluob fj nl ἀνήλκΰε enb tkus njvjr tkj plss`f`o`ty an prlslrvmtoae.

0;. πø ἕι‐πø πνὐπòι‐ἀηήδμον

`n tkj hkerehtjr lg tkj jajrdjnt b`sjntendojajnt= tk`s `s nlt e tjer`nd ewey, fjheusj tkj fes`h jssjnhj (tkj jvjnt) `nbjjb rjae`ns tket wk`hk b`splsjs. Pjt tk`s jajrdjnt b`sjntendojajnt `s tkj detkjr`nd (νøθμφ). Rket grla tkj fjd`nn`nd tkjrj jvjntuetjs prjh`sjoy ea jraue`oej, `.j., prjh`sjoy b`sjntendojajnt, sklws `tsjog `n tkj geht tket lnoy tkj ἕα jajrdjs enb tkj jajrd`nd `s bjtjra`njb es e ἕα (ἕα es e jmtdlroej ψρα)‒detkjrjbnjss‒tem`nd fehm `n enb lnj.

Kjreho`tus9 wk`hk gredajnt `s se`b tl fj tkj g`rst, eoo-b`spls`nd< Grd. 579 ςö οὴ β

αμα. (χρψΰφ‒ἀνήλκΰε‒νεαλάακΰα).

Pa lxplrolebl tdl hljoeeoej‐ta smy tdl lvlet. Rkj jssjnhj lg ‟tk`nm`nd‑ lut lg fjynd es jvjnt. T`tk wket r`dkt bljs tk`s rjoet`ln lg fj`nd enb tk`nm`nd ojeb tkj wey< Lut lg tkj geoo`nd tlwerb fj`nds‒tkj kuaen fj`nd= hloej me` tdoegoej. Hg. alrj `nhjptueooy αμκ

α‒κ

αεΰ.

0=. Pdl lxplrolebl an tdl norst hljoeeoej

5. Tket tdl norst hljoeeoej `s= wket tdl hljoeeoej `s= wket tkj ltkjr lnj. Rkj ltkjr fjd`nn`nd `s tkj `nhjptueo`ty lg tkj unfjdun (`.j., lg tkj g`rst fjd`nn`nd).

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